In one of last year’s Tree Damage Alerts (No. 51), we drew attention to poplar rust as one of various leaf diseases that fluctuate in severity from year to year. Most tree species seem to tolerate

J.A. Beare, S.A. Archer, J.N.B. Bell Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK The combined and separate impacts of Melampsora sp. infection and chronic

In the Midwest, premature defoliation of willows, poplars, aspens, and cottonwoods is often caused by three or four leaf rust fungi in the genus Malampsora. All North American willow rusts are current

Stéphane Hacquard, Benjamin Petre, Pascal Frey, Arnaud Hecker, Nicolas Rouhier, and Sébastien Duplessis Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nancy Université, Unité Mixte de Rech