U-form single, double, or triple espaliers

Another vertical variation is the U-form, which comes in single, double, or triple (Diagram H, I and J). On vertical espaliers, until the tree has attained its desired height, half of the last year's growth is pruned off, leaving an outside bud to continue vertical growth. After the tree reaches its full height, top growth is limited to one bud per year.

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